@Article{BottinoNGSCMTON:2024:AmSaCl,
               author = "Bottino, Marcus Jorge and Nobre, Paulo and Giarolla, Emanuel and 
                         Silva J{\'u}nior, Manoel Baptista da and Capistrano, Vinicius 
                         Buscioli and Malagutti, Marta and Tamaoki, Jonas Naboru and 
                         Oliveira, Beatriz F{\'a}tima Alves de and Nobre, Carlos Afonso",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul 
                         (UFMS)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Funda{\c{c}}{\~a}o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)} and {Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)}",
                title = "Amazon savannization and climate change are projected to increase 
                         dry season length and temperature extremes over Brazil",
              journal = "Scientific Reports",
                 year = "2024",
               volume = "14",
                pages = "e5131",
                month = "Mar.",
             abstract = "Land use change and atmospheric composition, two drivers of 
                         climate change, can interact to affect both local and remote 
                         climate regimes. Previous works have considered the effects of 
                         greenhouse gas buildup in the atmosphere and the effects of Amazon 
                         deforestation in atmospheric general circulation models. In this 
                         study, we investigate the impacts of the Brazilian Amazon 
                         savannization and global warming in a fully coupled ocean-land-sea 
                         ice-atmosphere model simulation. We find that both savannization 
                         and global warming individually lengthen the dry season and reduce 
                         annual rainfall over large tracts of South America. The combined 
                         effects of land use change and global warming resulted in a mean 
                         annual rainfall reduction of 44% and a dry season length increase 
                         of 69%, when averaged over the Amazon basin, relative to the 
                         control run. Modulation of inland moisture transport due to 
                         savannization shows the largest signal to explain the rainfall 
                         reduction and increase in dry season length over the Amazon and 
                         Central-West. The combined effects of savannization and global 
                         warming resulted in maximum daily temperature anomalies, reaching 
                         values of up to 14 °C above the current climatic conditions over 
                         the Amazon. Also, as a consequence of both climate drivers, both 
                         soil moisture and surface runoff decrease over most of the 
                         country, suggesting cascading negative future impacts on both 
                         agriculture production and hydroelectricity generation.",
                 issn = "2045-2322",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "s41598-024-55176-5.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}